Responses to Research Prompt 3
First look...
Contingency could hold the meaning of an event that has a possibility of occurring but not an absolute possibility. It could also be read in the context of something liable to happen as an adjunct to or result of something else.
Irony is the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite to the literal meaning.
Solidarity is a community of responsibilities or interests. How does contingency, irony, and solidarity relate to literature and philosophy?
One could argue the truth of literature because as philosophers aim to find the underlining truth, we have literature and belief systems that have set forth and put on paper events that have happened prior to existence. I believe Rorty uses the title for this piece Contingency, Irony, and solidarity because he is reflecting apon his findings that many philosophers who have published works do mirror one another and form a sense of solidarity, but this does not necessarily mean these thesis' are absolute. In fact Rorty sets forth an idea that there is no typical truth.
On page 8, Rorty exclaims, "To say that we should drop the idea of truth as out there waiting to be discovered is not to say that we have discovered that, out there, there is no truth"...
on page 9, Rorty conveys a message to the reader that philosophy correlates to politics as they both speak to the new generation and use pursuasion until that new generation accepts and adopts it. He writes, "The latter "method" of philosophy is the same as the method os utopian politics or revolutionay science. The method is to redescribe lots and lots of things in new ways, until you have created a pattern of linguistic behavior which will tempt the rising generation to adopt it, thereby causing them to look for appropriate new forms of nonlinguistic behavior.."
From wikipedia:
"He subsequently came to reject the tradition of philosophy according to which knowledge is a matter of correctly representing a world whose existence is wholly independent of those representations. This idea of knowledge as a "mirror of nature" he correctly saw as pervasive throughout the history of western philosophy. Against this approach, Rorty advocated for a novel form of American pragmatism, sometimes called neopragmatism, in which scientific and philosophical methods are merely a set of contingent "vocabularies" which were abandoned or adopted over time according to social conventions and usefulness.
Abandoning representationalist accounts of knowledge and language, Rorty believed, would lead to a state of mind he referred to as "ironism", in which people are completely aware of the contingency of their placement in history and of their philosophical vocabulary. For Rorty, this brand of philosophy is always tied to the notion of "social hope", that without the representation accounts and without metaphors between the mind and the world, human society would be more peaceful. "
Rorty is most notable for his five major works, Philosophy and the mirror of nature, CIS,Objectivity relativism and truth,Essays on Heidegger and others, and Achieving our country.
Rorty was and will remain to be respected by other philosophers.
First look...
Contingency could hold the meaning of an event that has a possibility of occurring but not an absolute possibility. It could also be read in the context of something liable to happen as an adjunct to or result of something else.
Irony is the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite to the literal meaning.
Solidarity is a community of responsibilities or interests. How does contingency, irony, and solidarity relate to literature and philosophy?
One could argue the truth of literature because as philosophers aim to find the underlining truth, we have literature and belief systems that have set forth and put on paper events that have happened prior to existence. I believe Rorty uses the title for this piece Contingency, Irony, and solidarity because he is reflecting apon his findings that many philosophers who have published works do mirror one another and form a sense of solidarity, but this does not necessarily mean these thesis' are absolute. In fact Rorty sets forth an idea that there is no typical truth.
On page 8, Rorty exclaims, "To say that we should drop the idea of truth as out there waiting to be discovered is not to say that we have discovered that, out there, there is no truth"...
on page 9, Rorty conveys a message to the reader that philosophy correlates to politics as they both speak to the new generation and use pursuasion until that new generation accepts and adopts it. He writes, "The latter "method" of philosophy is the same as the method os utopian politics or revolutionay science. The method is to redescribe lots and lots of things in new ways, until you have created a pattern of linguistic behavior which will tempt the rising generation to adopt it, thereby causing them to look for appropriate new forms of nonlinguistic behavior.."
From wikipedia:
"He subsequently came to reject the tradition of philosophy according to which knowledge is a matter of correctly representing a world whose existence is wholly independent of those representations. This idea of knowledge as a "mirror of nature" he correctly saw as pervasive throughout the history of western philosophy. Against this approach, Rorty advocated for a novel form of American pragmatism, sometimes called neopragmatism, in which scientific and philosophical methods are merely a set of contingent "vocabularies" which were abandoned or adopted over time according to social conventions and usefulness.
Abandoning representationalist accounts of knowledge and language, Rorty believed, would lead to a state of mind he referred to as "ironism", in which people are completely aware of the contingency of their placement in history and of their philosophical vocabulary. For Rorty, this brand of philosophy is always tied to the notion of "social hope", that without the representation accounts and without metaphors between the mind and the world, human society would be more peaceful. "
Rorty is most notable for his five major works, Philosophy and the mirror of nature, CIS,Objectivity relativism and truth,Essays on Heidegger and others, and Achieving our country.
Rorty was and will remain to be respected by other philosophers.
A second look...
Richard Rorty was an American Philosopher; he studied at the University of Chicago
and also Yale University. He was a professor as many different colleges including
Princeton, University of Virginia, and also Stanford University. He wrote many different
pieces of writing, one in which we are reading in class Contingency, Irony and Solidarity.
According to Wikipedia He has written 39 books amongst many other articles.
According to Dictionary.com I obtained a couple different definitions. Contingency is
defined as the dependence on chance or on the fulfillment of a condition, uncertainty.
Irony is defined as the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its
literal meaning. Also Solidarity is defined as union or fellowship arising from common
responsibilities and interests, as between members of a group or between classes,
peoples, etc.
According to Wikipedia Rorty is one of the most controversial philosophers in the past
years. Some philosophers look up to him and are inspired by his works; others however
criticize him on his rejection to the idea that science can depict the world.
As far as the External links go I find that to get a better understanding of the author, I
would like to listen to his voice it sometimes helps while I’m reading a novel to hear the
tone of their voice. However I couldn’t get any of the audio clip links to download, and
some were under private ownership on you tube.
The title of Chapter one is “The contingency of language”. This title relates to the
introduction because whether one speaks a language, another person may say it is true
or false. For example on page xiv “The one tells us that we need not speak only the
language of the tribe, that we may find our own words that may have responsibility to
ourselves to find them. The other tells us that that responsibility is not the only one we
have. Both are right, but there is no way to make both speak a single language.
The shift that Rorty makes in chapter one towards the end of page nine is, “I am not
going to offer arguments against the vocabulary I want to replace. Instead, I am going
to try to make the vocabulary I favor look attractive by showing how it may be used to
describe a variety of topics.”
Another look...
1) Richard Rorty was an American Philosopher; he studied at the University of Chicago and also Yale University. He was a professor as many different colleges including Princeton, University of Virginia, and also Stanford University. He wrote many different pieces of writing, one in which we are reading in class Contingency, Irony and Solidarity. According to Wikipedia He has written 39 books amongst many other articles.
1) Richard Rorty was an American Philosopher; he studied at the University of Chicago and also Yale University. He was a professor as many different colleges including Princeton, University of Virginia, and also Stanford University. He wrote many different pieces of writing, one in which we are reading in class Contingency, Irony and Solidarity. According to Wikipedia He has written 39 books amongst many other articles.
2) According to
Dictionary.com I obtained a couple different definitions. Contingency is
defined as the dependence on chance or on
the fulfillment of a condition, uncertainty. Irony is defined as the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning. Also
Solidarity is defined as union or fellowship arising
from common responsibilities and interests,
as between members
of a group or between classes, peoples, etc.
3) According to Wikipedia Rorty is one of the
most controversial philosophers in the past years. Some philosophers look up to him and are
inspired by his works; others however criticize him on his rejection to the
idea that science can depict the world.
4) As far as the External links go I find that to
get a better understanding of the author, I would like to listen to his voice
it sometimes helps while I’m reading a novel to hear the tone of their
voice. However I couldn’t get any of the
audio clip links to download, and some were under private ownership on you
tube.
6) From the introduction to the first couple of pages of the first chapter, Rorty compares and contrasts the two opposing ideals. In the beginning of the first chapter it centers about truth. On page 4 he states "only half of truth-- the bottom, scientific half-- was made. Higher truth, the truth about mind, the province of philosophy, was still a matter of discovery rather than creation." He gives arguments and background information on both views. Towards the bottom of page 9 is where the "shift" occurs, a shift to his views on philosophy. But in his attempt to make us understand, he refuses to make arguments against other views. His "method is to re-describe lots and lots of things in news ways" (pg. 9) so that we can possibly think in a new way.
7) Rorty announces the shift by literally stating that he is going to enlighten us on his views and which method is best to do so. On page 9 he says "Conforming to my own precepts, I am not going to offer arguments against the vocabulary I want to replace. Instead, I am going to try to make the vocabulary I favor look attractive."
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